Only societies which developed so close to the equator that the difference is not very notable split the year into anything else (ancient Egypt, for example, had 3 seasons and modern Egypt tends to observe only two). The only difference is that the seasons are six months apart between the northern and southern hemispheres but the days they start and end is the same. These have been, effectively, designated seasons for so long that we really don't know how many millennia.
Quite disparate societies seemed to seperately note the mid-point between these events and split the year up in to four parts accordingly.
Around the world, in seperate societies, people observed the longest and shortest day and generally called these the beginning of the year or half-year.
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